Isolating the Norepinephrine Pathway Comparing Lithium in Bipolar Patients to SSRIs in Depressive Patients

Abstract

Introduction: The purpose of this investigatory neuroimaging analysis was done to better  understand the pharmacodynamics of Lithium by isolating the norepinephrine pathway in the brain.  To accomplish this, we compared patients with Bipolar Disorder treated with Lithium to patients  diagnosed with Major Depression or Depressive Disorder who are treated with Selective Serotonin  Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs).
Methodology: We used Standardized Low Resolution Brain Electrotomography to calculate  the whole brain, voxel-by-voxel, unpaired t-tests Statistical non-Parametric Maps. For our first  electrophysiological neuroimaging investigation, we compared 46 patients (average age = 34 ±  16.5) diagnosed with Bipolar Affective Disorder to three patient groups all diagnosed with Major  Depression or Depressive Episode. The first is with 48 patients diagnosed with Major Depression or  Depressive Episode (average age = 49 ± 12.9), the second to 16 male depressive patients (average  age = 45 ± 15.1), and the final comparison to 32 depressive females (average age = 50 ± 11.7).
Results: The results of sLORETA three-dimensional statistical non-parametric maps  illustrated that Lithium influenced an increase in neurotransmission in the right Superior Temporal
Gyrus (t=1.403, p=0.00780), Fusiform Gyrus (t=1.26), and Parahippocampal Gyrus (t=1.29).
Moreover, an increased in neuronal function was found was also identified at the Cingulate Gyrus
(t=1.06, p=0.01200).
Conclusion: We are proposing a translational clinical biological marker for patients  diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder to guide physicians during the course of Lithium therapy and have  identified neuroanatomical structures influenced by norepinephrine.